开发者版ROCK 5B的评测（一）：拆箱和首次启动到Debian 11

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Radxa ROCK5 Model B（又名 ROCK 5B，简称“ROCK 5B”），它被称之为是最值得期待的瑞芯微（Rockchip）RK3588单板计算机之一，因为它结合了多功能和价格实惠这两个优势。ROCK 5B 是在今年一月份首次展出的，不过其主系统CPU（Cortex-A76 / A55 SoC）集成相对复杂，所以公开发布的就延迟了一段时间。好消息是，该终于快要发布了，因为 Radxa 最近开始向开发者和爱好者寄送“developer edition(开发者版) ”样品，邀请他们参加“debug party（调试派对）”了。我也收到了他们的邀请。因此，在这篇文章中，我会仔细研究一下 ROCK 5B，并尝试快速使用。在评测的第二部分我则会进行更多的详细介绍。

ROCK5 Model B 拆箱

我收到的 Radxa ROCK5 Model B 是 16GB RAM 内存版本，这次他们寄送的所有“开发者版批次”的主板部分应该都是一样的。

很多开发人员都被邀请向 Radxa 论坛提交评测报告，这些报告是公开的，所以任何人都可以查看目前的使用情况。

该板还配备了一个 16GB 的 eMMC模块（FORESEE）。

ROCK 5B 这次开发者版的设计发生了一些变化，HDMI IN接口移到了面板前侧，MIPI DSI 和CSI 连接移到了PCB的侧方，散热器安装孔尺寸更改为了“Northbridge（北桥）”一样的尺寸。

除了 HDMI 输入端口外，ROCK 5B 面板前侧还带有电源和恢复键，以及一个彩色编码的40引脚GPIO 排针。正如很多人所预料的那样，瑞芯微 RK3588 在负载下会变得非常热，因此他们在CPU顶部安装了 5V 的风扇和散热器。

其面板后侧带有一个3.5毫米的音频插孔、一个USB 3.0 Type-C端口（带有用于为主板供电的 Display Alt模式）、两个支持 8K 的 HDMI 2.1 端口、两个USB 2.0端口、两个USB 3.0端口和一个2.5千兆以太网端口。

该主板还配备了一个Fn-Link 6252M-PUB WiFi 6和蓝牙5.2模块，该模块由Realtek RTL8852BE芯片供电，具体使用芯片的型号目前并没有在Realtek网站上列出，但我猜测可能是 AX1800 芯片，因为在使用802.11ax时可以支持高达1148 Mbps的链路。

关于这部分，我之后打算使用Radxa今年早些时候送我的小米 AX6000和TPLink 2.5GbE的交换机来测试一下。

该开发板的底部配有一个用于NVMe SSD的M.2 Key-M插座、MIPI DSI LCD、MIPI CSI摄像头连接器，以及一个eMMC插槽。

说到eMMC插槽，我现在就把16GB的MMC模块安装上去。上图中我用ROCK 5B与树莓派4 SBC的尺寸进行了一下对比。虽然Rockchip RK3588并不是我使用过的最强大的系统，但它的确是“桌面类”不错的系统，就接口而言，ROCK 5B很可能是我拥有过的具有2.5GbE、WiFi 6、8K视频输出、4K视频输入、支持PCIe Gen3 x4存储等诸多功能的主板或计算机。这对于一块可能只卖不到200美元的板子来说已经相当了不起了。

ROCK 5B 首次启动到 Debian 11

现在我们我们把一个USB键盘和鼠标、一根以太网电缆、一个HDMI显示器和一个USB-PD电源（Khadas VIM4附带的电源）都接上。

接好之后，我等了一会儿，只看到了一个黑屏，时不时显示“no signal（没有信号）”。正如大家下图所看到的，我将HDMI端口连接到USB-C电源端口旁边，又尝试了另一个靠近USB的HDMI端口。

成功了！这次众多开发者参与的评测活动被称为“debug party（调试派对）”其实是有原因的。“debug party（调试派对）”就是需要有几个功能是异常或无法工作的，否则“派对”就没有什么乐趣了。我原本是可以使用密码“rock”登录的，但最终还是选择了通过SSH连接，因为它更容易查看一些。

现在我们检查一下系统信息：

rock@rock-5b:~$ uname -a
Linux rock-5b 5.10.66-10-rockchip-gc5e33d713633 #rockchip SMP Fri Jun 24 11:59:02 CST 2022 aarch64 GNU/Linux
rock@rock-5b:~$ cat /etc/issue
Debian GNU/Linux 11 \n \l
 
rock@rock-5b:~$ free -m
               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           15723         964       13790          39         968       14562
Swap:              0           0           0
rock@rock-5b:~$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root        14G  4.3G  8.9G  33% /
devtmpfs        7.6G     0  7.6G   0% /dev
tmpfs           7.7G     0  7.7G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           3.1G   19M  3.1G   1% /run
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs           1.6G  108K  1.6G   1% /run/user/1001
rock@rock-5b:~$ sudo inxi -Fc0
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
	LANGUAGE = (unset),
	LC_ALL = (unset),
	LC_ADDRESS = "en_GB.UTF-8",
	LC_NAME = "en_GB.UTF-8",
	LC_MONETARY = "en_GB.UTF-8",
	LC_PAPER = "en_GB.UTF-8",
	LC_IDENTIFICATION = "en_GB.UTF-8",
	LC_TELEPHONE = "en_GB.UTF-8",
	LC_MEASUREMENT = "en_GB.UTF-8",
	LC_TIME = "en_GB.UTF-8",
	LC_NUMERIC = "en_GB.UTF-8",
	LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
System:
  Host: rock-5b Kernel: 5.10.66-10-rockchip-gc5e33d713633 aarch64 bits: 64 
  Console: tty 0 Distro: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye) 
Machine:
  Type: ARM Device System: Radxa ROCK 5B details: N/A 
  serial: cdda65f11fa26124 
CPU:
  Info: 8-Core (3-Die) model: N/A variant-1: cortex-a76 
  variant-2: cortex-a55 bits: 64 type: MCP MCM 
  Speed: 408 MHz min/max: 408/1800:2304 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 408 
  2: 1200 3: 1200 4: 1200 5: 1416 6: 1416 7: 408 8: 408 
Graphics:
  Device-1: display-subsystem driver: rockchip_drm v: N/A 
  Device-2: mali-bifrost driver: mali v: N/A 
  Device-3: rk3588-dw-hdmi driver: dwhdmi_rockchip v: N/A 
  Device-4: rk3588-dw-hdmi driver: dwhdmi_rockchip v: N/A 
  Display: server: X.org 1.20.11 driver: loaded: dwhdmi_rockchip 
  note: n/a (using device driver) tty: 80x24 
  Message: Advanced graphics data unavailable in console for root. 
Audio:
  Device-1: simple-audio-card driver: asoc_simple_card 
  Device-2: rk3588-dw-hdmi driver: dwhdmi_rockchip 
  Device-3: rk3588-dw-hdmi driver: dwhdmi_rockchip 
  Device-4: hdmi driver: rk_hdmi_sound 
  Device-5: hdmi driver: rk_hdmi_sound 
  Device-6: simple-audio-card driver: asoc_simple_card 
  Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.10.66-10-rockchip-gc5e33d713633 
Network:
  Device-1: Realtek driver: rtl8852be 
  IF: wlan0 state: down mac: 0e:9e:01:31:2b:d4 
  Device-2: Realtek RTL8125 2.5GbE driver: r8125 
  IF: enP4p65s0 state: up speed: 2500 Mbps duplex: full 
  mac: 00:e1:4c:68:00:1b 
  IF-ID-1: wlP2p33s0 state: down mac: ba:4e:a7:16:41:a3 
Drives:
  Local Storage: total: 14.45 GiB used: 4.23 GiB (29.3%) 
  ID-1: /dev/mmcblk1 model: D9D16G size: 14.45 GiB 
Partition:
  ID-1: / size: 13.7 GiB used: 4.23 GiB (30.9%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/mmcblk1p2 
Swap:
  Alert: No Swap data was found. 
Sensors:
  System Temperatures: cpu: 38.8 C mobo: N/A 
  Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A 
Info:
  Processes: 268 Uptime: 32m Memory: 15.35 GiB used: 1.16 GiB (7.5%) 
  Init: systemd runlevel: 5 Shell: Bash inxi: 3.3.01

rock@rock-5b:~$ uname -a

Linux rock-5b 5.10.66-10-rockchip-gc5e33d713633 #rockchip SMP Fri Jun 24 11:59:02 CST 2022 aarch64 GNU/Linux

rock@rock-5b:~$ cat /etc/issue

Debian GNU/Linux 11 \n \l

rock@rock-5b:~$ free -m

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 15723 964 13790 39 968 14562

Swap: 0 0 0

rock@rock-5b:~$ df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/root 14G 4.3G 8.9G 33% /

devtmpfs 7.6G 0 7.6G 0% /dev

tmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 3.1G 19M 3.1G 1% /run

tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock

tmpfs 1.6G 108K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1001

rock@rock-5b:~$ sudo inxi -Fc0

perl: warning: Setting locale failed.

perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:

LANGUAGE = (unset),

LC_ALL = (unset),

LC_ADDRESS = "en_GB.UTF-8",

LC_NAME = "en_GB.UTF-8",

LC_MONETARY = "en_GB.UTF-8",

LC_PAPER = "en_GB.UTF-8",

LC_IDENTIFICATION = "en_GB.UTF-8",

LC_TELEPHONE = "en_GB.UTF-8",

LC_MEASUREMENT = "en_GB.UTF-8",

LC_TIME = "en_GB.UTF-8",

LC_NUMERIC = "en_GB.UTF-8",

LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"

are supported and installed on your system.

perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").

System:

Host: rock-5b Kernel: 5.10.66-10-rockchip-gc5e33d713633 aarch64 bits: 64

Console: tty 0 Distro: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)

Machine:

Type: ARM Device System: Radxa ROCK 5B details: N/A

serial: cdda65f11fa26124

CPU:

Info: 8-Core (3-Die) model: N/A variant-1: cortex-a76

variant-2: cortex-a55 bits: 64 type: MCP MCM

Speed: 408 MHz min/max: 408/1800:2304 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 408

2: 1200 3: 1200 4: 1200 5: 1416 6: 1416 7: 408 8: 408

Graphics:

Device-1: display-subsystem driver: rockchip_drm v: N/A

Device-2: mali-bifrost driver: mali v: N/A

Device-3: rk3588-dw-hdmi driver: dwhdmi_rockchip v: N/A

Device-4: rk3588-dw-hdmi driver: dwhdmi_rockchip v: N/A

Display: server: X.org 1.20.11 driver: loaded: dwhdmi_rockchip

note: n/a (using device driver) tty: 80x24

Message: Advanced graphics data unavailable in console for root.

Audio:

Device-1: simple-audio-card driver: asoc_simple_card

Device-2: rk3588-dw-hdmi driver: dwhdmi_rockchip

Device-3: rk3588-dw-hdmi driver: dwhdmi_rockchip

Device-4: hdmi driver: rk_hdmi_sound

Device-5: hdmi driver: rk_hdmi_sound

Device-6: simple-audio-card driver: asoc_simple_card

Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.10.66-10-rockchip-gc5e33d713633

Network:

Device-1: Realtek driver: rtl8852be

IF: wlan0 state: down mac: 0e:9e:01:31:2b:d4

Device-2: Realtek RTL8125 2.5GbE driver: r8125

IF: enP4p65s0 state: up speed: 2500 Mbps duplex: full

mac: 00:e1:4c:68:00:1b

IF-ID-1: wlP2p33s0 state: down mac: ba:4e:a7:16:41:a3

Drives:

Local Storage: total: 14.45 GiB used: 4.23 GiB (29.3%)

ID-1: /dev/mmcblk1 model: D9D16G size: 14.45 GiB

Partition:

ID-1: / size: 13.7 GiB used: 4.23 GiB (30.9%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/mmcblk1p2

Swap:

Alert: No Swap data was found.

Sensors:

System Temperatures: cpu: 38.8 C mobo: N/A

Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A

Info:

Processes: 268 Uptime: 32m Memory: 15.35 GiB used: 1.16 GiB (7.5%)

Init: systemd runlevel: 5 Shell: Bash inxi: 3.3.01

该处理器的时钟频率高达2304 Mhz，系统使用的是与Mekotronics R58上的Android 12相同的Linux 5.10.66。主线Linux最终可能也可以运行，但需要很长的时间。好奇的人也可能对启动日志感兴趣。

现在我们通过 sbc-bench 基准测试快速检查一下其基准性能：

sudo ./sbc-bench.sh 
./sbc-bench.sh: line 9: warning: setlocale: LC_MESSAGES: cannot change locale (en_US.UTF-8): No such file or directory
 
Average load and/or CPU utilization too high (too much background activity). Waiting...
 
Too busy for benchmarking: 04:31:48 up 37 min,  2 users,  load average: 0.25, 0.16, 0.14,  cpu: 1%
Too busy for benchmarking: 04:31:53 up 37 min,  2 users,  load average: 0.23, 0.16, 0.14,  cpu: 0%
Too busy for benchmarking: 04:31:58 up 37 min,  2 users,  load average: 0.21, 0.15, 0.14,  cpu: 0%
Too busy for benchmarking: 04:32:03 up 37 min,  2 users,  load average: 0.20, 0.15, 0.14,  cpu: 0%
Too busy for benchmarking: 04:32:08 up 37 min,  2 users,  load average: 0.18, 0.15, 0.14,  cpu: 0%
Too busy for benchmarking: 04:32:13 up 38 min,  2 users,  load average: 0.16, 0.14, 0.14,  cpu: 0%
 
sbc-bench v0.9.8
 
Installing needed tools: apt -f -qq -y install sysstat curl lshw , tinymembench, ramlat, mhz. Done.
Checking cpufreq OPP. Done (results will be available in 22-32 minutes).
Executing tinymembench...client_loop: send disconnect: Broken pipe

sudo ./sbc-bench.sh

./sbc-bench.sh: line 9: warning: setlocale: LC_MESSAGES: cannot change locale (en_US.UTF-8): No such file or directory

Average load and/or CPU utilization too high (too much background activity). Waiting...

Too busy for benchmarking: 04:31:48 up 37 min, 2 users, load average: 0.25, 0.16, 0.14, cpu: 1%

Too busy for benchmarking: 04:31:53 up 37 min, 2 users, load average: 0.23, 0.16, 0.14, cpu: 0%

Too busy for benchmarking: 04:31:58 up 37 min, 2 users, load average: 0.21, 0.15, 0.14, cpu: 0%

Too busy for benchmarking: 04:32:03 up 37 min, 2 users, load average: 0.20, 0.15, 0.14, cpu: 0%

Too busy for benchmarking: 04:32:08 up 37 min, 2 users, load average: 0.18, 0.15, 0.14, cpu: 0%

Too busy for benchmarking: 04:32:13 up 38 min, 2 users, load average: 0.16, 0.14, 0.14, cpu: 0%

sbc-bench v0.9.8

Installing needed tools: apt -f -qq -y install sysstat curl lshw , tinymembench, ramlat, mhz. Done.

Checking cpufreq OPP. Done (results will be available in 22-32 minutes).

Executing tinymembench...client_loop: send disconnect: Broken pipe

噢！该板在基准测试期间崩溃而且重新启动了。我们再试一次，同时关注 dmesg 以防再次发生这种情况。

[  619.676449] sbc-bench started
[ 1238.947280] PM: suspend entry (deep)
[ 1238.950010] Filesystems sync: 0.002 seconds
client_loop: send disconnect: Broken pipe

[ 619.676449] sbc-bench started

[ 1238.947280] PM: suspend entry (deep)

[ 1238.950010] Filesystems sync: 0.002 seconds

client_loop: send disconnect: Broken pipe

遗憾的是结果还是相同，而且 dmesg 没有提供任何有用的信息。因此，我只能将tkaiser结果代替了7-zip测试的结果：

7-Zip (a) [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=C,Utf16=off,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,8 CPUs LE)
 
Compression: 15369,15211,15190
Decompression: 17643,17630,17645
Total: 16506,16420,16417

p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=C,Utf16=off,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,8 CPUs LE)

Compression: 15369,15211,15190

Decompression: 17643,17630,17645

Total: 16506,16420,16417

作为参考，大家可以看看以下带散热器和风扇的树莓派4 @ 2.0 GHz的结果：

sbc-bench v0.6.7
 
It seems neither throttling nor frequency capping has occured.
 
Memory performance:
memcpy: 2547.2 MB/s 
memset: 3651.0 MB/s (0.8%)
 
7-zip total scores (3 consecutive runs): 6900,6877,6939
 
OpenSSL results:
type             16 bytes     64 bytes    256 bytes   1024 bytes   8192 bytes  16384 bytes
aes-128-cbc      83479.79k   102077.25k   110821.72k   112916.14k   113631.23k   113541.12k
aes-128-cbc      83514.12k   102155.14k   110784.17k   112935.59k   113573.89k   113382.74k
aes-192-cbc      67566.13k    86925.76k    95294.38k    97361.58k    98189.31k    98331.31k
aes-192-cbc      75028.43k    90016.62k    96037.97k    97670.83k    98301.27k    98178.39k
aes-256-cbc      68036.63k    79945.09k    84813.82k    86112.60k    86035.11k    86338.22k
aes-256-cbc      61634.20k    77697.69k    84171.18k    85799.94k    86406.49k    86474.75k
 
Full results uploaded to http://ix.io/1PxG. Please check the log for anomalies (e.g. swapping
or throttling happenend) and otherwise share this URL.

sbc-bench v0.6.7

It seems neither throttling nor frequency capping has occured.

Memory performance:

memcpy: 2547.2 MB/s

memset: 3651.0 MB/s (0.8%)

7-zip total scores (3 consecutive runs): 6900,6877,6939

OpenSSL results:

type 16 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes 16384 bytes

aes-128-cbc 83479.79k 102077.25k 110821.72k 112916.14k 113631.23k 113541.12k

aes-128-cbc 83514.12k 102155.14k 110784.17k 112935.59k 113573.89k 113382.74k

aes-192-cbc 67566.13k 86925.76k 95294.38k 97361.58k 98189.31k 98331.31k

aes-192-cbc 75028.43k 90016.62k 96037.97k 97670.83k 98301.27k 98178.39k

aes-256-cbc 68036.63k 79945.09k 84813.82k 86112.60k 86035.11k 86338.22k

aes-256-cbc 61634.20k 77697.69k 84171.18k 85799.94k 86406.49k 86474.75k

Full results uploaded to http://ix.io/1PxG. Please check the log for anomalies (e.g. swapping

or throttling happenend) and otherwise share this URL.

也可以看看功能更强大但价格也更高的UP Xtreme i11 Tiger Lake mini PC（配置英特尔酷睿i7-1185GRE）的结果：

sbc-bench v0.9.3 
 
Memory performance:
memcpy: 14978.9 MB/s (0.6%)
memset: 20059.3 MB/s (0.2%)
 
7-zip total scores (3 consecutive runs): 18257,18138,18084
 
OpenSSL results:
type             16 bytes     64 bytes    256 bytes   1024 bytes   8192 bytes  16384 bytes
aes-128-cbc     714465.65k  1752591.06k  1960455.00k  2001776.30k  2012940.97k  2019595.61k
aes-128-cbc    1117239.41k  1860059.97k  1957394.18k  1985099.43k  2004708.01k  2013719.21k
aes-192-cbc    1040431.18k  1598258.56k  1674556.42k  1696940.03k  1709481.98k  1711412.57k
aes-192-cbc    1027839.14k  1589334.61k  1664330.24k  1689908.22k  1696929.11k  1697174.87k
aes-256-cbc     971862.18k  1396062.04k  1450506.92k  1471090.01k  1480048.64k  1471971.33k
aes-256-cbc     975878.30k  1403145.64k  1445398.27k  1470802.60k  1475925.33k  1477591.04k
 
Full results uploaded to http://ix.io/3RnJ.

sbc-bench v0.9.3

Memory performance:

memcpy: 14978.9 MB/s (0.6%)

memset: 20059.3 MB/s (0.2%)

7-zip total scores (3 consecutive runs): 18257,18138,18084

OpenSSL results:

type 16 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes 16384 bytes

aes-128-cbc 714465.65k 1752591.06k 1960455.00k 2001776.30k 2012940.97k 2019595.61k

aes-128-cbc 1117239.41k 1860059.97k 1957394.18k 1985099.43k 2004708.01k 2013719.21k

aes-192-cbc 1040431.18k 1598258.56k 1674556.42k 1696940.03k 1709481.98k 1711412.57k

aes-192-cbc 1027839.14k 1589334.61k 1664330.24k 1689908.22k 1696929.11k 1697174.87k

aes-256-cbc 971862.18k 1396062.04k 1450506.92k 1471090.01k 1480048.64k 1471971.33k

aes-256-cbc 975878.30k 1403145.64k 1445398.27k 1470802.60k 1475925.33k 1477591.04k

Full results uploaded to http://ix.io/3RnJ.

如果我们特别关注7-zip基准测试，就会知道ROCK 5B比超频的树莓派4快2.4倍，可以提供英特尔酷睿i7-1185GRE处理器约90%的性能。已经不算太差了。不过，稳定性方面可能还有改进空间，因为我无法在我收到的板子上运行基准测试。

感觉基准测试应该还是有望的。在第二部分，除了运行基准测试之外，我还会测试各种外围设备、3D图形、视频播放（现阶段可能是软件解码）等功能，同时了解它作为台式计算机的性能。

Jacob Li 李顺

文章翻译者：Jacob，嵌入式系统测试工程师、RAK高级工程师，物联网行业多年工作经验，熟悉嵌入式开发、测试各个环节，对不同产品有自己专业的分析与评估。

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