树莓派基金会近日推出了树莓派 Zero 2W板,其与树莓派 Zero W 板的主要区别在于Zero 2 W搭载的是速度更快的树莓派 RP3A0 SiP,该SoC采用的是博通四核 Cortex-A53 处理器,时钟频率为 1.0 GHz,可超频至 1.2 GHz 。
在公告发布后不久我就收到了样品,因此,我有时间对其进行测试。两个SBC的由于主要区别在于处理器,因此我将重点放在关注基准测试以及主板是否需要额外冷却。
树莓派 Zero 2 W 套件拆箱
如果以 15 美元的价格购买树莓派 Zero 2 W,那么你获取到的就是单独的一个SBC版。树莓派贸易公司向我发送的则是一套评测套件,其中包含树莓派Zero 2 W SBC、一个 USB OTG 适配器、一个迷你 HDMI 转 HDMI 适配器、CSI 摄像头电缆和四个用于外壳的橡胶垫,带有三个盖子:整个盖、带用于 40 针 GPIO 接头孔的盖子或带用于摄像头接口孔的盖子。

该板的尺寸与树莓派 Zero W 完全相同,端口的布置也是如此。

我本来有一个 树莓派 Zero,但现在找不到了……
首次启动及系统信息
我从官方网站下载了2021年5月的树莓派 OS 镜像,并使用USB Imager 将其烧录到 MicroSD 卡。在插入 microSD 卡、HDMI 线和用于无线键盘和鼠标组合的罗技 USB dongle后,我连接了电源。为此我专门使用了MINIX NEO P2 100W USB 适配器。

启动后会显示在桌面,但我无法使用键盘或鼠标。我切换到 USB 键盘仍然行不通。换了个我的 USB OTG 适配器也不行。为了确保镜像本身没有问题,我把 microSD 卡插到了树莓派4 中,发现树莓派镜像没有问题。然后在树莓派 Zero 2 W 中再次尝试,但是却不知道怎么回事,忽然可以正常工作了,并且我可以使用设置向导进行系统设置了。

我还启用了 SSH 以便更轻松地访问命令行,并使用命令升级了所有软件,以确保所有软件都拥有最新版本的软件包:
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sudo apt update sudo apt full-upgrade |
下面是一些系统信息:
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pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat /etc/issue Raspbian GNU/Linux 10 \n \l pi@raspberrypi:~ $ uname -a Linux raspberrypi 5.10.17-v7+ #1414 SMP Fri Apr 30 13:18:35 BST 2021 armv7l GNU/Linux pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 ... processor : 3 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32 CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU revision : 4 Hardware : BCM2835 Revision : 902120 Serial : 00000000e51cb671 Model : Raspberry Pi Zero 2 Rev 1.0 |
检测显示它有和树莓派 Zero 相同的博通BCM2835,而不是 BCM2710 或 BCM2710A0,但这并不重要,因为四个 Cortex A53 内核被检测到了。
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$ inxi -Fc0 System: Host: raspberrypi Kernel: 5.10.17-v7+ armv7l bits: 32 Console: tty 3 Distro: Raspbian GNU/Linux 10 (buster) Machine: Type: ARM Device System: Raspberry Pi Zero 2 Rev 1.0 details: BCM2835 rev: 902120 serial: 00000000e51cb671 Argument "Raspberry Pi Zero 2 Rev 1.0" isn't numeric in sprintf at /usr/bin/inxi line 6969. CPU: Topology: Quad Core model: ARMv7 v7l variant: cortex-a53 bits: 32 type: MCP Speed: 1000 MHz min/max: 600/1000 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 1000 2: 1000 3: 1000 4: 1000 Graphics: Device-1: bcm2708-fb driver: bcm2708_fb v: kernel Device-2: bcm2835-hdmi driver: N/A Display: tty server: X.org 1.20.4 driver: fbturbo tty: 80x24 Message: Advanced graphics data unavailable in console. Try -G --display Audio: Device-1: bcm2835-audio driver: bcm2835_audio Device-2: bcm2835-hdmi driver: N/A Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.10.17-v7+ Network: Message: No ARM data found for this feature. IF-ID-1: wlan0 state: up mac: e4:5f:01:10:88:f4 Drives: Local Storage: total: 14.84 GiB used: 3.10 GiB (20.9%) ID-1: /dev/mmcblk0 vendor: SanDisk model: SL16G size: 14.84 GiB Partition: ID-1: / size: 14.29 GiB used: 3.05 GiB (21.3%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/mmcblk0p2 ID-2: /boot size: 252.0 MiB used: 48.1 MiB (19.1%) fs: vfat dev: /dev/mmcblk0p1 Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 47.2 C mobo: N/A Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A Info: Processes: 138 Uptime: 2h 06m Memory: 493.0 MiB used: 181.4 MiB (36.8%) gpu: 64.0 MiB Init: systemd runlevel: 5 Shell: bash inxi: 3.0.32 |
CPU 频率在 600 到 1000 MHz 之间变化,空闲温度约为 47°C,在 493 MB 总内存中,没有任何运行其他程序的情况下有181.4 MB 被使用。毋庸置疑,树莓派 Zero 2 W 并不是为了作为台式机而设计的,但对于一些特定的任务甚至是无头(没有界面)的项目,它应该是非常有价值的。
我可以使用 vcgencmd 实用程序确认空闲温度和 CPU 频率(600 MHz):
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/opt/vc/bin/vcgencmd measure_temp temp=46.7'C /opt/vc/bin/vcgencmd measure_clock arm frequency(48)=600062000 |
使用Phoronix对树莓派 Zero 2 W 进行基准测试
让我们来安装 Phoronix
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sudo apt install php-cli php-gd php-xml php-zip wget http://phoronix-test-suite.com/releases/repo/pts.debian/files/phoronix-test-suite_8.8.1_all.deb sudo dpkg -i phoronix-test-suite_8.8.1_all.deb |
我正在使用较旧的 Phoronix Suite 8.8.1 来匹配我在树莓派 4 评测上使用的版本。
让我们开始基准测试,并和其他SBC做个比较:
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phoronix-test-suite benchmark 1906240-HV-1709271TY95 |
完整的结果可以在OpenBenchmarking上找到,但我们还是要检查一些具体的结果。

John the Ripper 是一个多线程基准测试,这里的树莓派 2 W 与树莓派 3 相比表现出奇的好。从那时起软件/固件可能有所改进,因为理论上,后者应该会快 40%,得分约为 729。你还会注意到树莓派4 仅略好于 树莓派Zero 2 W,并且有一个简单的解释,即当时树莓派4 是裸机测试的,固件缺乏稍后发布的优化。这只是意味着即使在大约 28°C 的房间内,树莓派 Zero 2 W 也能在没有散热器的情况下运行良好。

C-Ray 测试结果中,树莓派 Zero 2 W 非常接近树莓派3 的性能。

FLAC 音频编码测试程序的测试结果显示树莓派Zero 2W和树莓派3B没有什么不同,但是我们会注意到树莓派 4 的卓越性能,因为它有一些加速编码的特定指令加持。

作为参考,这是测试期间温度图表的样子,最高温度不超过 75°C。
使用SBC Bench对树莓派 Zero 2 W 进行基准测试
我们可以通过安装 SBC Bench 脚本的各种负载来仔细查看性能和温度:
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sudo apt install lm-sensors wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ThomasKaiser/sbc-bench/master/sbc-bench.sh |
让我们运行基准测试:
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$ sudo /bin/bash ./sbc-bench.sh -c sbc-bench v0.7.9 Installing needed tools. This may take some time... Done. Checking cpufreq OPP... Done. Executing tinymembench. This will take a long time... Done. Executing OpenSSL benchmark. This will take 3 minutes... Done. Executing 7-zip benchmark. This will take a long time... Done. Checking cpufreq OPP... Done. It seems neither throttling nor frequency capping has occured. Memory performance: memcpy: 1302.7 MB/s (0.3%) memset: 1635.5 MB/s (0.4%) 7-zip total scores (3 consecutive runs): 2977,3053,3044 OpenSSL results: type 16 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes 16384 bytes aes-128-cbc 24198.92k 34367.04k 38367.23k 39361.88k 39848.62k 39905.96k aes-128-cbc 24145.26k 34310.49k 38395.14k 39541.42k 39766.70k 39987.88k aes-192-cbc 22062.28k 29737.75k 32984.75k 33854.12k 33944.92k 34138.79k aes-192-cbc 22034.17k 29824.26k 32785.07k 33819.65k 34100.57k 33887.57k aes-256-cbc 20372.60k 26886.70k 29192.28k 30035.29k 30244.86k 30233.94k aes-256-cbc 20250.58k 26861.33k 29321.13k 29845.16k 30223.02k 30233.94k Full results uploaded to http://ix.io/3DdQ. Please check the log for anomalies (e.g. swapping or throttling happenend) and otherwise share this URL. |
没有检测到降频,并且测试过程中温度从未超过 63°C。基准测试时的室温约为 26 至 27°C。

下面是Zero 2 W与其他树莓派板在默认频率下的测试比较。


让我们尝试通过编辑 /boot/config.txt 将板子超频到 1.2 GHz:
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#uncomment to overclock the arm. 700 MHz is the default. arm_freq=1200 |
然后重新启动并检查并检查频率:
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$ inxi -Fc0 | grep Speed Argument "Raspberry Pi Zero 2 Rev 1.0" isn't numeric in sprintf at /usr/bin/inxi line 6969. Speed: 1200 MHz min/max: 600/1200 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 1200 2: 1200 Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A |
让我们再次运行 SBC Bench:
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sbc-bench v0.7.9 Installing needed tools. This may take some time... Done. Checking cpufreq OPP... Done. Executing tinymembench. This will take a long time... Done. Executing OpenSSL benchmark. This will take 3 minutes... Done. Executing 7-zip benchmark. This will take a long time... Done. Checking cpufreq OPP... Done. ATTENTION: Silent throttling has occured. Check the log for details. Memory performance: memcpy: 1318.1 MB/s (0.5%) memset: 1792.6 MB/s (0.3%) 7-zip total scores (3 consecutive runs): 3590,3614,3556 OpenSSL results: type 16 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes 16384 bytes aes-128-cbc 28932.81k 40689.81k 45636.27k 46985.22k 47726.59k 47748.44k aes-128-cbc 29164.73k 41186.97k 46110.12k 47579.14k 47830.36k 48016.04k aes-192-cbc 26448.70k 35596.67k 39434.92k 40473.26k 40673.28k 40796.16k aes-192-cbc 26448.22k 35890.86k 39352.75k 40634.71k 40957.27k 40801.62k aes-256-cbc 24446.27k 32250.50k 35081.90k 36007.94k 36276.91k 36301.48k aes-256-cbc 24305.59k 32267.09k 35204.27k 35892.22k 36298.75k 36317.87k Full results uploaded to http://ix.io/3Dea. Please check the log for anomalies (e.g. swapping or throttling happenend) and otherwise share this URL. |
SBC Bench 检测到“Silent throttling”,但我并不确定温度不超过 70 ℃ 意味着什么,并且日志中的频率没有明显下降:
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System health while running 7-zip multi core benchmark: Time fake/real load %cpu %sys %usr %nice %io %irq Temp VCore 09:13:15: 1200/1200MHz 2.52 21% 0% 19% 0% 0% 0% 59.1°C 1.2250V 09:13:35: 1200/1200MHz 2.76 71% 1% 70% 0% 0% 0% 65.0°C 1.2250V 09:13:56: 1200/1200MHz 2.91 74% 1% 73% 0% 0% 0% 67.7°C 1.2250V 09:14:16: 1200/1200MHz 2.94 73% 1% 72% 0% 0% 0% 68.8°C 1.2250V |
超频的树莓派Zero 2 W 现在在 7-zip 测试中的表现与树莓派 3 B+ 一样好,至少我们得到的数字是这样显示的。

这样测试太简单了,所以我把电路板放在它的外壳里,给它加点温度,然后再来测试基准测试下的运行温度……

SBC bench的测试如下:
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sbc-bench v0.7.9 Installing needed tools. This may take some time... Done. Checking cpufreq OPP... Done. Executing tinymembench. This will take a long time... Done. Executing OpenSSL benchmark. This will take 3 minutes... Done. Executing 7-zip benchmark. This will take a long time... Decoding ERROR Done. Checking cpufreq OPP... Done. ATTENTION: Silent throttling has occured. Check the log for details. Memory performance: memcpy: 1277.0 MB/s memset: 1751.6 MB/s (0.2%) 7-zip total scores (3 consecutive runs): 3566,3632 OpenSSL results: type 16 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes 16384 bytes aes-128-cbc 28668.64k 40634.58k 45655.38k 47111.51k 47710.21k 47639.21k aes-128-cbc 29062.07k 41242.58k 46195.71k 47622.49k 47893.16k 48043.35k aes-192-cbc 26042.25k 35612.10k 39425.96k 40457.56k 40719.70k 40976.38k aes-192-cbc 26447.15k 35880.23k 39428.44k 40486.57k 40924.50k 40774.31k aes-256-cbc 24333.79k 32131.61k 34937.09k 35891.88k 36145.83k 36164.95k aes-256-cbc 24343.63k 32254.85k 35214.42k 35908.95k 36287.83k 36312.41k Full results uploaded to http://ix.io/3Dei. Please check the log for anomalies (e.g. swapping or throttling happenend) and otherwise share this URL. |
在评测期间遇到了 RPI Monitor 下降的一些问题,所以这次没有图表,但我们可以在日志中检查温度:
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System health while running tinymembench: Time fake/real load %cpu %sys %usr %nice %io %irq Temp VCore 09:33:17: 1200/1200MHz 1.07 20% 1% 17% 0% 1% 0% 53.2°C 1.2188V 09:35:17: 1200/1200MHz 1.01 25% 0% 25% 0% 0% 0% 58.0°C 1.2188V 09:37:17: 1200/1200MHz 1.00 25% 0% 25% 0% 0% 0% 55.8°C 1.2188V 09:39:18: 1200/1200MHz 1.01 25% 0% 25% 0% 0% 0% 55.8°C 1.2188V System health while running OpenSSL benchmark: Time fake/real load %cpu %sys %usr %nice %io %irq Temp VCore 09:40:11: 1200/1200MHz 1.00 22% 0% 20% 0% 0% 0% 55.8°C 1.2188V 09:40:21: 1200/1200MHz 1.00 25% 0% 25% 0% 0% 0% 56.4°C 1.2188V 09:40:31: 1200/1200MHz 1.00 25% 0% 25% 0% 0% 0% 56.9°C 1.2188V 09:40:41: 1200/1200MHz 1.00 25% 0% 24% 0% 0% 0% 58.0°C 1.2188V 09:40:51: 1200/1200MHz 1.00 25% 0% 24% 0% 0% 0% 57.5°C 1.2188V 09:41:01: 1200/1200MHz 1.00 25% 0% 24% 0% 0% 0% 56.9°C 1.2188V 09:41:11: 1200/1200MHz 1.00 25% 0% 24% 0% 0% 0% 58.0°C 1.2188V 09:41:21: 1200/1200MHz 1.00 25% 0% 25% 0% 0% 0% 58.0°C 1.2188V 09:41:32: 1200/1200MHz 1.00 25% 0% 25% 0% 0% 0% 58.0°C 1.2188V 09:41:42: 1200/1200MHz 1.00 25% 0% 24% 0% 0% 0% 58.0°C 1.2188V 09:41:52: 1200/1200MHz 1.00 25% 0% 24% 0% 0% 0% 58.0°C 1.2188V System health while running 7-zip single core benchmark: Time fake/real load %cpu %sys %usr %nice %io %irq Temp VCore 09:41:59: 1200/1200MHz 1.00 22% 0% 21% 0% 0% 0% 58.5°C 1.2188V 09:42:59: 1200/1200MHz 2.29 25% 0% 24% 0% 0% 0% 58.0°C 1.2188V System health while running 7-zip multi core benchmark: Time fake/real load %cpu %sys %usr %nice %io %irq Temp VCore 09:43:06: 1200/1200MHz 2.43 22% 0% 21% 0% 0% 0% 58.0°C 1.2188V 09:43:29: 1200/1200MHz 2.39 71% 1% 70% 0% 0% 0% 64.5°C 1.2188V 09:43:49: 1200/1200MHz 2.79 77% 1% 75% 0% 0% 0% 66.1°C 1.2188V 09:44:10: 1200/1200MHz 2.88 75% 1% 74% 0% 0% 0% 68.8°C 1.2188V |
但温度仍然始终低于 70°C。不过是我发现2.88的平均负载有点低,所以我重新进行了测试,并在进行了仔细检查后发现,确实有四个p7zip进程在同时运行。只是基准测试可能运行的时间不够长,所以无法接近 4 的平均负载。

虽然在大多数情况下不需要散热器,但我仍然决定用散热器测试电路板,看看温度会降低多少。

但是我在树莓派 4 上使用的散热器不太适合较小的主板,尤其是“ ICE Tower CPU 冷却风扇”……所以我选择了一个较小的散热器,它也可以在外壳内使用。

让我们今天最后一次运行 SBC Bench 脚本:
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sbc-bench v0.7.9 Installing needed tools. This may take some time... Done. Checking cpufreq OPP... Done. Executing tinymembench. This will take a long time... Done. Executing OpenSSL benchmark. This will take 3 minutes... Done. Executing 7-zip benchmark. This will take a long time... Done. Checking cpufreq OPP... Done. ATTENTION: Silent throttling has occured. Check the log for details. Memory performance: memcpy: 1316.2 MB/s (0.5%) memset: 1792.5 MB/s (0.2%) 7-zip total scores (3 consecutive runs): 3633,3648,3646 OpenSSL results: type 16 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes 16384 bytes aes-128-cbc 29132.32k 41185.60k 46159.53k 47391.74k 47819.43k 47879.51k aes-128-cbc 29103.23k 41169.15k 46142.63k 47549.78k 47852.20k 47939.58k aes-192-cbc 26416.25k 35749.70k 39497.56k 40605.35k 40798.89k 40970.92k aes-192-cbc 26366.24k 35887.02k 39429.03k 40619.01k 40919.04k 40828.93k aes-256-cbc 24448.12k 32238.36k 35092.05k 36043.09k 36268.71k 36312.41k aes-256-cbc 24352.68k 32264.49k 35101.61k 35921.24k 36246.87k 36290.56k Full results uploaded to http://ix.io/3DeL. Please check the log for anomalies (e.g. swapping or throttling happenend) and otherwise share this URL. |
相同的无声降频警告,但 7-zip 结果略好,高达 3,648 分,温度仅上升到约 64°C。

这比我们在没有散热器的情况下进行的超频测试低了约 6°C。
结论
树莓派 Zero 2 W 的性能几乎与树莓派 3 B+ 一样好,尤其是在超频时。尽管树莓派Zero 2W体积小,但保持冷却正常也没什么问题。这意味着大多数人不需要在板上添加散热器,除非可能需要长时间满载或更高的室温 (35°C+)。但是,较小的内存容量 (512MB) 和可用的连接器可能使其适用于不同树莓派 3 B+的其他用例。
我要在这里感谢树莓派贸易公司和 Eben Upton 发送给我的评测样品。稍后我可能会通过使用Qoitech Otii Arc电源检查不同配置下的功耗来继续对树莓派Zero 2 W进行评测。

文章翻译者:Taylor Lee,瑞科慧联(RAK)高级嵌入式开发工程师,有丰富的物联网和开源软硬件经验,熟悉行业主流软硬件框架,对行业发展动向有着敏锐的感知力和捕捉能力。